Design of reinforced concrete foundation using crushed cow bones Daryl F. Calacday...[et. al]

Thesis Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering University of Rizal System-Morong. 2019

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This study entitled "Design of Reinforced Concrete Foundation Using Crushed Cow Bones as Partial Substitute for Coarse Aggregate" primarily aimed to design a reinforced concrete foundation using crushed cow bones as partial substitute. The study was conducted during the second semester of the school year 2017-2018 up to the first semester of the school year 2018-2019. The cylinder samples were tested at the University of Rizal System-Morong Campus, Morong, Rizal. Three samples for each of the proportions used, namely the 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% cow bones replacement for coarse aggregated were tested for this study. The workability of each proportion was computed by taking the average of the results of the slump test of the samples. The concrete cylinder samples compressive strength was determined through the use of the Universal testing machine. The results of the compressive strength test of the samples were averaged to determine each proportion's compressive strength. The proportion with the highest compressive strength was used in designing the reinforced concrete foundation. The research employed descriptive, experimental and developmental type of research in this study. As a descriptive research, the researchers observed, recorded and compared the concrete samples' workability and compressive strength. As an experimental research, the researchers had employed a systematic set of procedures during experimentation and testing. Samples with manipulated amounts of cow bones were tested and compared to determine which concentration performed best in terms of workability and compressive strength. As a developmental research, this study proposed a new method of re-using organic waste, specifically cow bones as partial coarse aggregate substitute for reinforced concrete. It assessed the viability and effectiveness of a new construction material. Upon conducting the slump cone test for the samples in this study, the vertical displacement of the height of the concrete mix for the samples ranges from 1.67 mm to 10.67 mm. after undergoing the compressive strength test, cylinders with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% partial cow bone replacement reached an average maximum axial stress of 15.80 MPa, 12.57 MPa, 8.87 MPa, 7.53 MPa and 6.6 MPa, respectively. By standard, a concrete mixture can be determined workable if during the slump test, the mixture falls between the ranges of 0 to 12 millimeters, based on the results presented in the preceding section of this chapter, the researchers have concluded that all concrete mixtures with cow bones partial replacement are workable. In terms of compressive strength the researchers have concluded that compressive strength of the concrete decreases as the percentage of crushed cow bones increases. Among all the proportions tested, only the concrete with 3% cow bones as partial substitute to coarse aggregates reaches the minimum compressive strength for class B mixture. The computed based dimension of the footing that is 0.132m is too small for the column and the minimum standard size of a reinforced concrete foundation. Based on the results and conclusions, the researchers recommend to keep using the right amount of water to maintain the workability and strength of the concrete, consider the hardest parts of cow bones as partial substitute for coarse aggregates to achieve higher compressive strength, use 0.50 m for the base dimension and 0.30m for the depth of the shooting, future researchers may create more concrete cylinder samples to have more consistent and statistically relevant results.