Jesus and other men : ideal masculinities in the Synoptic Gospels / by Susanna Asikainen.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

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Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Of Masculinities and Men -- A Reassessment of Connell's Theory -- Theorizing Marginalized Masculinities -- Outline of the Study -- Chapter 2 Masculinities in the Ancient Greco-Roman World -- Introduction -- Biological Sex in the Ancient Greco-Roman World -- Ancient Greco-Roman Gender Stereotypes -- Who is a Real, Hegemonically Masculine Man? -- Ideal Characteristics of Masculine Men -- Effeminacy and Lack of Self-Control -- Marginalized Masculinities in the Ancient Greco-Roman World -- Philo -- Josephus -- 4 Maccabees -- Rabbinic Judaism -- Conclusions -- Chapter 3 Jesus and His Opponents -- Introduction -- The Authority of Jesus -- The Opponents as Negative Examples of Unmasculine Behavior -- Jesus' Disputes with His Opponents -- Challenges to the Masculinity of Jesus -- Herod -- The Death of John the Baptist -- Other Mentions of Herod -- Pilate -- Pilate in Mark (15:1-15) -- Pilate in Matthew (27:11-26) -- Pilate in Luke (23:1-25) -- Conclusions -- Chapter 4 Jesus and His Male Followers -- Introduction -- The Portrayal of the Disciples in the Synoptic Gospels -- Peter in the Synoptic Gospels -- The Messiah Confession -- Peter in the Passion Narratives -- Jesus' Teaching on Ideal Behavior in the Sermon on the Mount -- Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12) -- Antitheses (Matthew 5:21-48) -- Piety (Matthew 6:1-18) -- Jesus and Family in the Synoptic Gospels -- Service and Slavery as the Ideal Masculinity -- Children as Examples for the Disciples -- Matthew, Eunuchs, and Subordinated Masculinities -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Jesus and Women -- Introduction -- Ideal Women in the Ancient Greco-Roman World -- The Women Followers of Jesus -- The Syrophoenician or Canaanite Woman -- Mark's Account of the Story (Mark 7:24-30) -- Matthew's Account of the Story (Matthew 15:21-28).

The Syrophoenician Woman's Challenge to Jesus' Masculinity -- The Women Jesus Heals: The Hemorrhaging Woman -- The Anointing Woman -- The Ideal Woman in Luke -- Feminine Jesus -- Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Jesus and Emotions -- Introduction -- Emotions in Greco-Roman Antiquity -- Grief and Tears in Greco-Roman Antiquity -- Anger in Greco-Roman Antiquity -- The Emotions of Jesus in the Synoptic Gospels -- The Tears of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke -- The Incident at the Temple -- The Emotions of the Other Characters -- Conclusions -- Chapter 7 Jesus and Suffering -- Introduction -- Death and Suffering in the Ancient Greco-Roman World -- Jesus' Teaching on Suffering -- Jesus in Gethsemane -- Mark 14:32-42 -- Matthew 26:36-46 -- Luke 22:39-46 -- The Masculinity of Jesus in Gethsemane -- The Arrest of Jesus -- The Jewish and the Roman Trials: The Silence of Jesus -- The Mocking and Scourging of Jesus -- The Crucifixion and Death of Jesus -- The Death of Jesus in Mark and Matthew -- The Death of Jesus in Luke -- Conclusions -- Chapter 8 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Primary Sources -- Secondary Literature -- Index of Modern Authors -- Index of Ancient Sources.

In Jesus and Other Men, Susanna Asikainen explores the masculinities of Jesus and other male characters as well as the ideal femininities in the Synoptic Gospels. She studies the masculinity of Jesus vis-a¿¿-vis his opponents, disciples, and women. She also considers the impact of Jesus' emotions and suffering on his masculinity. Arguing that there were several competing ideals of masculinity, she sets out to trace what strategies the early Christian masculinities used in relation to the hegemonic masculinities of the ancient Greco-Roman world. She shows that the Gospel of Luke is close to the ancient Greco-Roman ideal of self-controlled masculinity while the Gospels of Mark and Matthew portray Jesus and the disciples as examples of voluntarily marginalized masculinity.

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