Includes bibliographical references (pages 520-527), and index.

"Understanding the history of cultural bias in psychological assessment is crucial given the historical connection between psychological assessment (e.g., intelligence testing) and racist and eugenicist ideology. Indeed, it is well known that the early history of psychological and intelligence testing in the United States was strongly rooted in and remains tarnished by eugenics, blatant ethnic and racial discrimination, and attempts to oppress individuals who were not from the dominant culture (e.g., Allen, 2006; Franklin, 2007; Guthrie, 2004; Sayegh et al., 2023). Contemporary Euro-American psychological assessment is, unfortunately, shaped by inherent biases of the dominant Western culture, such as the narrow racial, cultural, and social identities and norms informing it. In addition, the early functions of psychological assessment in Europe and the United States (U.S.) in the 19th century reflected sociocultural interests of the time (e.g., racial segregation in schools [Terman, 1916] and immigration restriction [Allen, 2006]). The consequent 20th-century testing movement similarly continued to rely on definitions of intellectual abilities reflective of the dominant culture and measurements"-- Provided by publisher.