TY  - BOOK
AU  - Boada, Sophia Rose E.
AU  - Estorninos, John Rey E.
AU  - Manisan, Jenny P.
AU  - Rabina, Vhomer B.
AU  - Panganiban, Jasmin M.
TI  - Seismic Retrofitting Techniques for Unreinforced Masonary Brick Walls of the Aranzazu Shrine in San Mateo, Rizal: / Boada, Sophia Rose E.... [et al.]
PY  - 2023///
N1  - Thesis
N2  - Seismic events pose significant risks to both infrastructure and human lives. Historical unreinforced brick masonry churches, in particular, are highly vulnerable due to their building geometry, lack of horizontal stiffness, and poor material properties. To mitigate this vulnerability, implementing a suitable seismic retrofitting technique is essential. The objective of this study is to identify and recommend the most suitable retrofitting technique for unreinforced brick masonry (URM) structures, with the aim of preserving the building’s integrity and enhancing its seismic resilience. The subject structure is the Diocesan Shrine & Parish of Nuestra Señora de Aranzazu located in San Mateo, Rizal. This study is conducted during the Academic Year 2022 – 2023.  The researchers conducted an ocular inspection to the subject structure comprehensive ocular inspection. During the inspection, significant cracks were observed on both the exterior and interior walls of the structure. Based on the findings, the municipal engineers recommended retrofitting measures to address and strengthen the affected areas. The identification of these cracks highlighted the importance of taking proactive steps to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the building, making retrofitting an essential and prudent course of action.  The researchers used developmental type of research that was focused on the analysis of the design, development, and evaluation process. The developmental research design was utilized to come up with the most suitable technique from the three seismic retrofitting techniques including the installation of steel grids, the installation of concrete shear walls, and the addition of carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). This was then analyzed and evaluated through SAP2000. Furthermore, based on the analysis results, the technique was applied to a scale model and tested on an improvised shaking table along with the non-retrofitted model to assess its resilience under seismic forces.  The graph of a pushover curve provides valuable information about the behavior of a structure under seismic loads. The analysis of pushover curve displacements along the X-axis indicates that retrofitting with shear walls has the least displacement, followed by steel grids, the non-retrofitted model, and the use of CFRP bands having the most displacement. On the contrary, the Y-axis shows that CFRP bands exhibited the least yield displacement followed by steel grids, then the shear walls, and the non-retrofitted model. Consequently, the overall ranking shows that both shear walls and steel grids having the same rank that exhibited the least displacement among the techniques. In terms of modal analysis, considering the 12 modes, steel grids had the lowest period of vibration, indicating lesser deformation. Overall, the average rank for both pushover and modal analysis demonstrated that steel grids exhibited the shortest period of oscillation. Shear walls ranked second, followed by CFRP bands, while the non-retrofitted model obtained the lowest rank. Furthermore, the pushover and modal analysis led to the construction of two scale models, which was tested on an improvised shake table. The non-retrofitted model experienced destruction in 32 seconds under moderate intensity conditions in 0.65 m/s2, while the retrofitted model remained undamaged for 2 minutes at an acceleration of 0.91 m/s2.  Smaller displacements are indicative of a reduced risk of structural collapse, highlighting the effectiveness of incorporating these retrofitting techniques in enhancing structural stability. Additionally, the modal analysis revealed that lower frequencies were associated with greater deformations.  Taking all factors into consideration, based on the findings and results presented, the researchers recommend implementing the steel grids technique, which demonstrated the least displacement and the shortest period of oscillation. This measure has demonstrated significant effectiveness in enhancing the structural strength of the structure’s wall as evident from the improved resilience observed in the retrofitted model during the shaking test. By adopting this retrofitting technique, the shrine's vulnerability to seismic forces can be reduced, ensuring its long-term safety and preservation as a valuable heritage structure
UR  - https://forms.gle/7LqvGGkaDrUQqz429
UR  - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qap56URDjUAFmbi_Tr8z_0A0kiGIwVOE/view?usp=drive_link
ER  -